We suggest that whatever technique is used for axillary brachial plexus block, the minimum success rate compatible with expert practice is 87% and the maximum incidence of vascular puncture should be no more than 7%. (2C)

We recommend that ultrasound guidance is used for femoral nerve block because of its theoretical advantages and evidence for a reduced dose of local anaesthetic to produce an effective block. There is evidence that ultrasound guidance does not increase harm and is associated with a possible reduced rate of vascular puncture. (1B)

We suggest that whatever technique is used for femoral nerve block, the maximum incidence of vascular puncture should be no more than 7.5%. (2C)

We suggest the use of hemodynamic monitoring devices able to estimate and track sV and co associated to Do2 calculation, together with dynamic parameters such as PPV and sVV in high risk patients. (2C)

We suggest adopting a perioperative gDt protocol in order to reduce mortality in high risk adult non cardiac surgical patients. (2B)

We recommend adoption of a perioperative GDT protocol to reduce postoperative renal, gastroin-testinal and infective complications. (1A)

We recommend to monitor hemodynamic parameters within gDt protocols in adult non cardiac surgical patients. (1A)

We recommend the adoption of a gDt protocol to optimize fluid therapy to reduce postoperative morbidity in adult non cardiac surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. (1A)

We suggest that in the perioperative period fluid strategy should aim to a near zero balance in patients considered normovolemic at the beginning of surgery. A slight positive fluid balance may be allowed in the first postoperative 24 hours in order to protect renal function. (2B)

We suggest using drugs such as inotropes, vasocostrictors, and vasodilatator only when fluids alone are not sufficient to optimize hemodynamics and increase sV/co/Do2. (2C)