Array ( [id] => 2969 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2969.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 失血量的定量评估方法包括患者术中监测指标、临床表现及直接失血量计算等，以准确评估患者失血情况。需明确失血量对术中液体管理的影响，包括失血导致的血流动力学改变和液体补充策略的调整，以确保患者的循环稳定和安全（证据等级：低，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2970 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2970.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 根据患者个体特征和手术类型等因素计算液体需要量，包括基于体重、体征、实验室检查、围手术期失血量等指标（证据等级：中，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2971 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2971.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 推荐通过临床症状 (如神志) 和体征 (皮肤温度、色泽等) 协助判断容量不足（证据等级：低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2972 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2972.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 推荐通过基本生命监测，如血压和心率协助判断容量不足（证据等级：低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2973 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2973.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 推荐通过实验室检查如血常规 (红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积)、血生化及血气分析可协助判断容量不足（证据等级：低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2974 [catid] => 295 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2974.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 不推荐采用中心静脉压和肺动脉楔压预测患者的液体反应性（证据等级：极低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2975 [catid] => 295 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2975.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 推荐采用每搏量变异度和脉搏压变异度预测患者液体反应性（证据等级：中，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2976 [catid] => 295 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2976.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 推荐采用下腔静脉直径变异度（ΔIVC）作为预测液体反应性指标，机械通气患者 ΔIVC 预测液体反应性的准确性高于自主呼吸患者；推荐采用上腔静脉塌陷指数和左心室舒张末期容积作为预测液体反应性的指标（ΔIVC：证据等级：中，推荐强度：强推荐；上腔静脉塌陷指数和左心室舒张末期容积：证据等级：极低，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2977 [catid] => 290 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2977.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 经胸超声心动图或经食道超声心动图评估容量不足具有一定局限性，肥胖、肠道气体增多、腹部手术者应用经胸超声心动图受限，应用经食道超声心动图需要患者镇静或全身麻醉（证据等级：低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )

Array ( [id] => 2978 [catid] => 295 [title] => 中国成人患者围手术期液体治疗临床实践 指南（2025版） [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/2978.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:42:17 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/34040 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => 中华医学会麻醉学分会老年人麻醉与围术期管理学组、国家老年麻醉联盟（NAGA） 、国家老年疾病临床医学 [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => [laiyuan] => 不推荐单独采用症状和体征评估围手术期容量过负荷，轻度容量过负荷无明显症状和体征，严重容量过负荷可能出现肺水肿、心功能不全的临床表现（证据等级：极低，推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138137 [_updatetime] => 1776138137 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )