Experts suggest that locoregional anaesthesia should be chosen whenever possible instead of general anaesthesia for adult patients with congenital heart disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.

When neuraxial locoregional anaesthesia is adopted, experts suggest prioritizing titrated/continuous techniques over non-titrated techniques to reduce perioperative mortality.

Experts suggest formulating an individualized anaesthetic monitoring strategy based on the patient's composite risk grade, with the core goal of reducing perioperative morbidity and mortality. The specific requirements are as follows: 1. Low composite risk surgery: Standard monitoring is sufficient; 2. Intermediate or high composite risk surgery: Continuous invasive arterial pressure monitoring is required, with regular measurements of partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂); 3. Patients with Fontan circulation: On the basis of the above, add continuous central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring.

Experts suggest that adult patients with congenital heart disease at intermediate or high composite risk should receive systematic postoperative management in the intensive care unit (ICU) after non-cardiac surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Experts suggest seeking diagnostic and therapeutic advice from congenital heart disease specialists after surgery, applicable to the following scenarios: 1. Patients at intermediate or high composite risk; 2. Patients with postoperative complications regardless of risk grade; 3. Patients undergoing emergency surgery without preoperative specialized cardiac assessment.

Experts suggest that all pregnant patients with congenital heart disease complete a cardiac assessment at a specialized congenital heart disease center at the outset of pregnancy, including evaluation of physiological status and screening for potential complications, with the core goal of reducing peripartum morbidity and mortality.

Experts suggest that pregnant patients with congenital heart disease at intermediate or high composite risk should receive peripartum management in a specialized center to reduce the incidence of peripartum complications.

Experts suggest that titrated locoregional anaesthesia should be prioritized over non-titrated locoregional anaesthesia or general anaesthesia for pregnant patients with congenital heart disease during delivery to reduce peripartum morbidity and mortality.

Experts suggest that pregnant patients with congenital heart disease at intermediate or high composite risk should receive systematic surveillance in the intensive care unit during the postpartum period to reduce postpartum mortality.

We recommend an early outpatient preoperative anaesthesia assessment to reduce day-of-surgery cancellations and length of hospital stay. (1C)