Array
(
[id] => 2933
[catid] => 191
[title] => Preoperative assessment of adults undergoing electivenoncardiac surgery
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
[url] => /show/2933.html
[link_id] => 0
[tableid] => 0
[inputip] => 106.86.177.165
[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:45
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:45
[displayorder] => 0
[nrjc] => Array
(
)
[nrsh] => Array
(
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[xzl] => 0
[dzl] => 0
[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41663031
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2025
[guojia] => the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => In haemophilia patients, pharmacokinetic-guided treatment should be implemented over real-body weight-guided treatment to assure an optimal perioperative achievement of the prespecified coagulation factor range. (2B)
[laiyuan] => 在血友病患者中，应实施药代动力学指导的治疗，而非实际体重指导的治疗，以确保围术期达到预先设定的凝血因子范围。（证据质量：中，推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1776138105
[_updatetime] => 1776138105
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在血友病患者中，应实施药代动力学指导的治疗，而非实际体重指导的治疗，以确保围术期达到预先设定的凝血因子范围。（证据质量：中，推荐强度：弱推荐）
In haemophilia patients, pharmacokinetic-guided treatment should be implemented over real-body weight-guided treatment to assure an optimal perioperative achievement of the prespecified coagulation factor range. (2B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2025
国家：the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
Array
(
[id] => 2934
[catid] => 191
[title] => Preoperative assessment of adults undergoing electivenoncardiac surgery
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
[url] => /show/2934.html
[link_id] => 0
[tableid] => 0
[inputip] => 106.86.177.165
[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:45
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:45
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[nrjc] => Array
(
)
[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
[dzl] => 0
[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41663031
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2025
[guojia] => the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We recommend that patients with haemophilia, von Willebrand disease and factor X deficiency should be managed with a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to their care. (1C)
[laiyuan] => 血友病、血管性血友病和X因子缺乏症患者应通过多学科方法进行管理。（证据质量：低，推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1776138105
[_updatetime] => 1776138105
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
血友病、血管性血友病和X因子缺乏症患者应通过多学科方法进行管理。（证据质量：低，推荐强度：强推荐）
We recommend that patients with haemophilia, von Willebrand disease and factor X deficiency should be managed with a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to their care. (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2025
国家：the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
Array
(
[id] => 2935
[catid] => 191
[title] => Preoperative assessment of adults undergoing electivenoncardiac surgery
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
[url] => /show/2935.html
[link_id] => 0
[tableid] => 0
[inputip] => 106.86.177.165
[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:45
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[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2025
[guojia] => the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We recommend using frailty testing as an effective tool for predicting postoperative outcomes, especially for assessing the risk of delirium. (1C)
[laiyuan] => 使用衰弱测试作为预测术后结局的有效工具，尤其是评估谵妄风险。（证据质量：低，推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1776138105
[_updatetime] => 1776138105
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
使用衰弱测试作为预测术后结局的有效工具，尤其是评估谵妄风险。（证据质量：低，推荐强度：强推荐）
We recommend using frailty testing as an effective tool for predicting postoperative outcomes, especially for assessing the risk of delirium. (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2025
国家：the European Society ofAnaesthesiology and Intensi
Array
(
[id] => 2856
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
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[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
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[nrjc] => Array
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[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
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[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We recommend the use of a neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) to facilitate tracheal intubation in children under general anaesthesia in the operating room when maintaining spontaneous breathing is not required.
(Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
[laiyuan] => 我们建议在手术室中，对于接受全身麻醉且无需保留自主呼吸的儿童，使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以辅助气管插管。(强推荐，证据等级中等)
[znzldj] =>
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
我们建议在手术室中，对于接受全身麻醉且无需保留自主呼吸的儿童，使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以辅助气管插管。(强推荐，证据等级中等)
We recommend the use of a neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) to facilitate tracheal intubation in children under general anaesthesia in the operating room when maintaining spontaneous breathing is not required.
(Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2857
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
[url] => /show/2857.html
[link_id] => 0
[tableid] => 0
[inputip] => 106.86.177.165
[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[displayorder] => 0
[nrjc] => Array
(
)
[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
[dzl] => 0
[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41766420
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Outside the operating room, we suggest using a NMBA for tracheal intubation, considering patient safety, availability of necessary devices and drugs, provider competency and the presence of auxiliary support. (Conditional recommendation with very low level of evidence)
[laiyuan] => 在手术室以外环境中，我们建议结合患者安全、必要设备与药物的可及性、操作者资质以及辅助人员是否在场等因素，酌情使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行气管插管。（条件性推荐，证据等级极低）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在手术室以外环境中，我们建议结合患者安全、必要设备与药物的可及性、操作者资质以及辅助人员是否在场等因素，酌情使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行气管插管。（条件性推荐，证据等级极低）
Outside the operating room, we suggest using a NMBA for tracheal intubation, considering patient safety, availability of necessary devices and drugs, provider competency and the presence of auxiliary support. (Conditional recommendation with very low level of evidence)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2858
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
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[tableid] => 0
[inputip] => 106.86.177.165
[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
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[displayorder] => 0
[nrjc] => Array
(
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[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
[dzl] => 0
[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41766420
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We recommend using an NMBA to facilitate tracheal intubation in neonates and infants in the operating room when maintaining spontaneous breathing is not required.
（Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence）
[laiyuan] => 我们建议在手术室中，对于无需保留自主呼吸的新生儿和婴儿，使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以辅助气管插管。(强推荐，证据等级中等)
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
我们建议在手术室中，对于无需保留自主呼吸的新生儿和婴儿，使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以辅助气管插管。(强推荐，证据等级中等)
We recommend using an NMBA to facilitate tracheal intubation in neonates and infants in the operating room when maintaining spontaneous breathing is not required.
（Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence）
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2859
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
[url] => /show/2859.html
[link_id] => 0
[tableid] => 0
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[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[displayorder] => 0
[nrjc] => Array
(
)
[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
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[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41766420
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => For RSII, we recommend using rocuronium rather than succinylcholine.
（Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence）
[laiyuan] => 对于快速序贯诱导插管（RSII），我们推荐使用罗库溴铵而非琥珀胆碱。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于快速序贯诱导插管（RSII），我们推荐使用罗库溴铵而非琥珀胆碱。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
For RSII, we recommend using rocuronium rather than succinylcholine.
（Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence）
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2860
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
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[hits] =>
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[author] => 甘肃中医院
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[nrjc] => Array
(
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[nrsh] => Array
(
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[xzl] => 0
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[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41766420
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We suggest considering the use of an NMBA for tracheal intubation in children in the emergency room to improve intubation conditions, decrease the number of attempts and reduce the risk of complications.
(Conditional recommendation with low level of evidence)
[laiyuan] => 我们建议在急诊室对儿童进行气管插管时，考虑使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以改善插管条件、减少尝试次数并降低并发症风险。
(条件性推荐，证据等级极低)
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
我们建议在急诊室对儿童进行气管插管时，考虑使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）以改善插管条件、减少尝试次数并降低并发症风险。
(条件性推荐，证据等级极低)
We suggest considering the use of an NMBA for tracheal intubation in children in the emergency room to improve intubation conditions, decrease the number of attempts and reduce the risk of complications.
(Conditional recommendation with low level of evidence)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2861
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
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[author] => 甘肃中医院
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[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Should, for any reason, the decision be made not to use an NMBA for intubation, high doses of opioids can provide similar intubation conditions in children. (Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
[laiyuan] => 若因任何原因决定不使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行插管，大剂量阿片类药物可为儿童提供相似的插管条件。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
若因任何原因决定不使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行插管，大剂量阿片类药物可为儿童提供相似的插管条件。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
Should, for any reason, the decision be made not to use an NMBA for intubation, high doses of opioids can provide similar intubation conditions in children. (Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Array
(
[id] => 2862
[catid] => 45
[title] => 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 3
[author] => 甘肃中医院
[status] => 9
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[inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:41:21
[displayorder] => 0
[nrjc] => Array
(
)
[nrsh] => Array
(
)
[xzl] => 0
[dzl] => 0
[wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41766420
[demo_url] =>
[zjpjff] => GRADE
[zjfj] =>
[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2026
[guojia] => European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Should, for any reason, the decision be made not to use an NMBA for intubation, we recommend achieving sufficient depth of anaesthesia, including high-dose opioids or different adjuvants, such as opioids and/ or sevoflurane in addition to propofol, and having a skilled and experienced clinician perform the intubation.
( Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
[laiyuan] => 若因任何原因决定不使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行插管，我们建议达到足够的麻醉深度（包括使用大剂量阿片类药物，或在丙泊酚基础上联用阿片类药物和/或七氟醚等辅助药物），并由技术熟练且经验丰富的临床医生插管。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1776138081
[_updatetime] => 1776138081
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
若因任何原因决定不使用神经肌肉阻滞剂（NMBA）进行插管，我们建议达到足够的麻醉深度（包括使用大剂量阿片类药物，或在丙泊酚基础上联用阿片类药物和/或七氟醚等辅助药物），并由技术熟练且经验丰富的临床医生插管。
(强推荐，证据等级中等)
Should, for any reason, the decision be made not to use an NMBA for intubation, we recommend achieving sufficient depth of anaesthesia, including high-dose opioids or different adjuvants, such as opioids and/ or sevoflurane in addition to propofol, and having a skilled and experienced clinician perform the intubation.
( Strong recommendation with moderate level of evidence)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2026
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
