A combination of a compression stocking and/or intermittent pneumatic compression together with either a LMWH or unfractionated heparin should be used and continued in hospital. (1A)

Short-acting anesthetic agents, lung-protective ventilation, and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade. (1A)

Core temperature should be maintained at＞36 °C. Active warming should be carried out in all patients in operations lasting longer than 30 min. (1A)

Short-acting opioid sparing analgesia combined with local and regional blocks. In open abdominal surgery a mid-thoracic epidural analgesia should be used. Spinal analgesia and local blocks can be used in minimally invasive surgery. (1A)

Near- zero fluid balance. Intravenous treatment should be discontinued day1. Patients should be encouraged to drink when fully recovered and offered an oral diet within 4 h after surgery. (1A)

Oral fluids as soon as the patient is lucid after surgery and solids after 4 h. (1B)

30 min on the day of surgery and 6 h/day thereafter. (1B)

A combination of paracetamol and NSAID given orally with additional use of non-opioid drugs if needed. Opioid containing drugs should be used as a last resort and in C doses. (1A)

The target perioperative blood glucose level is generally 6.0–10.0 mmol/L for long and medium‐length surgeries. Blood glucose levels 1–2 days preoperatively and postoperatively are associated with postoperative complications and mortality; thus, and it is necessary to control blood glucose levels very strictly. For the prevention of intraoperative hypoglycaemia, the target blood glucose level can be increased up to 12.0 mmol (2C). According to the recommended target range, the blood glucose level is monitored every 1–2 h intraoperatively and every 2–4 h postoperatively. If the blood glucose levels are not within the target range, it is suggested that the frequency of blood glucose monitoring be increased. (2C)

For cardiac surgery patients, the target for intraoperative blood glucose control is 8.3–11.1 mmol/L and for postoperative blood glucose control is less than 12.0 mmol/L (2C). On the basis of the suggested target range, it is recommended that intraoperative blood glucose level is monitored every 0.5–1 h and postoperative blood glucose level is monitored every 2–4 h. For patients with high intraoperative blood glucose fluctuations or unstable conditions, the frequency of monitoring should be increased. (2C)