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[pdf] =>
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[lyyw] => Long-acting anxiolytic drugs should be avoided, particularly in the elderly. Preoperative gabapentinoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not recommended. Preoperative acetaminophen should be dose-adjusted according to extent of resection. Preoperative hyoscine patches can be used in patients with high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting but should be avoided in the elderly. (1B)
[laiyuan] => 肝脏手术患者应避免使用长效抗焦虑药物，尤其是老年人。肝脏手术术前不推荐使用加巴喷丁类药物和非甾体抗炎药。术前应根据切除程度调整对乙酰氨基酚的剂量。术后恶心呕吐高危患者术前可使用海辛贴片，但老年人应避免使用。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
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)
推荐意见
肝脏手术患者应避免使用长效抗焦虑药物，尤其是老年人。肝脏手术术前不推荐使用加巴喷丁类药物和非甾体抗炎药。术前应根据切除程度调整对乙酰氨基酚的剂量。术后恶心呕吐高危患者术前可使用海辛贴片，但老年人应避免使用。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
Long-acting anxiolytic drugs should be avoided, particularly in the elderly. Preoperative gabapentinoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not recommended. Preoperative acetaminophen should be dose-adjusted according to extent of resection. Preoperative hyoscine patches can be used in patients with high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting but should be avoided in the elderly. (1B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
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[catid] => 33
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
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[lyyw] => Low molecular weight heparin or unfragmented heparin reduces the risk of thromboembolic events and should be routinely started postoperatively unless exceptional circumstances make this unsafe. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices should be used to furtherreduce this risk. (1B)
[laiyuan] => 低分子量肝素或未分段肝素可降低血栓栓塞事件发生的风险，除特殊情况应在肝脏手术术后常规使用。可使用间歇气动压缩设备来进一步降低这种风险。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
低分子量肝素或未分段肝素可降低血栓栓塞事件发生的风险，除特殊情况应在肝脏手术术后常规使用。可使用间歇气动压缩设备来进一步降低这种风险。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
Low molecular weight heparin or unfragmented heparin reduces the risk of thromboembolic events and should be routinely started postoperatively unless exceptional circumstances make this unsafe. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices should be used to furtherreduce this risk. (1B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 620
[catid] => 30
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[guojia] => Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Steroid administration (methylprednisolone at a dose of 500 mg) is recommended. No recommendation can be formulated on diabetic patients undergoing liver surgery. (2B)
[laiyuan] => 对于接受肝脏手术患者建议使用类固醇(500毫克甲强龙)。糖尿病患者不推荐使用。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于接受肝脏手术患者建议使用类固醇(500毫克甲强龙)。糖尿病患者不推荐使用。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
Steroid administration (methylprednisolone at a dose of 500 mg) is recommended. No recommendation can be formulated on diabetic patients undergoing liver surgery. (2B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 621
[catid] => 27
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Antibiotic prophylaxis (such as cefazolin) within 60 min before surgical incision is recommended, with no benefit extending it into the postoperative period. In case of complex liver surgery with biliary reconstruction, a targeted antibiotic pre-emptive regimen based on preoperative bile culture may be recommended but its duration is unknown. (2B)
[laiyuan] => 推荐在肝脏手术切皮前60分钟内预防给予抗生素(如头孢唑林)，延长至术后输注并无益处。对于伴有胆道重建的复杂肝脏手术，可推荐基于术前胆道培养的靶向抗生素输注方案，但其持续时间尚不清楚。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
推荐在肝脏手术切皮前60分钟内预防给予抗生素(如头孢唑林)，延长至术后输注并无益处。对于伴有胆道重建的复杂肝脏手术，可推荐基于术前胆道培养的靶向抗生素输注方案，但其持续时间尚不清楚。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
Antibiotic prophylaxis (such as cefazolin) within 60 min before surgical incision is recommended, with no benefit extending it into the postoperative period. In case of complex liver surgery with biliary reconstruction, a targeted antibiotic pre-emptive regimen based on preoperative bile culture may be recommended but its duration is unknown. (2B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 622
[catid] => 39
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 1
[author] => 系统管理员
[status] => 9
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[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2023
[guojia] => Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Skin preparation with chlorhexidine-alcoholic solution is associated with a lower rate of surgical site infections, compared to povidoneiodine solution. (1B)
[laiyuan] => 与聚维碘定溶液相比，用氯己定酒精溶液进行皮肤术前准备，手术相关部位感染率更低。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
与聚维碘定溶液相比，用氯己定酒精溶液进行皮肤术前准备，手术相关部位感染率更低。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
Skin preparation with chlorhexidine-alcoholic solution is associated with a lower rate of surgical site infections, compared to povidoneiodine solution. (1B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 623
[catid] => 39
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
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[guojia] => Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => In trained teams and when clinically appropriate, laparoscopic liver resection is recommended since it reduces postoperative length of stay and complication rates. (1B)
[laiyuan] => 在有经验的团队和临床症状符合的情况下，建议进行腹腔镜肝切除术，因为它减少了术后住院时间和并发症发生率。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在有经验的团队和临床症状符合的情况下，建议进行腹腔镜肝切除术，因为它减少了术后住院时间和并发症发生率。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
In trained teams and when clinically appropriate, laparoscopic liver resection is recommended since it reduces postoperative length of stay and complication rates. (1B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 624
[catid] => 35
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
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[tjqd] =>
[nianfen] => 2023
[guojia] => Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => For open liver surgery, thoracic epidural analgesia can provide excellent analgesia but has significant disadvantages. In fact, optimal postoperative management is key to avoid hypotension and mobility issues which can be detrimental to rapid recovery. Multimodal analgesia (including potential use of intrathecal opiates) is recommended. (1A)
[laiyuan] => 对于肝脏开放性手术，胸段硬膜外镇痛可以提供良好的镇痛效果，但也有明显的缺点。事实上，优化术后管理的关键是避免低血压和活动问题，这些问题可能不利于快速恢复。推荐使用多模式镇痛(包括可能使用鞘内阿片类药物)。
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于肝脏开放性手术，胸段硬膜外镇痛可以提供良好的镇痛效果，但也有明显的缺点。事实上，优化术后管理的关键是避免低血压和活动问题，这些问题可能不利于快速恢复。推荐使用多模式镇痛(包括可能使用鞘内阿片类药物)。
For open liver surgery, thoracic epidural analgesia can provide excellent analgesia but has significant disadvantages. In fact, optimal postoperative management is key to avoid hypotension and mobility issues which can be detrimental to rapid recovery. Multimodal analgesia (including potential use of intrathecal opiates) is recommended. (1A)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
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[id] => 570
[catid] => 192
[title] => 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery
[thumb] =>
[keywords] =>
[description] =>
[hits] =>
[uid] => 1
[author] => 系统管理员
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[nianfen] => 2022
[guojia] => European Society of Cardiology
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => In patients with an indication for statins, it should be considered to initiate statins peri-operatively.（Evidence: Level C，Recommendation:Class IIa）
[laiyuan] => 对于有他汀类药物适应症的患者，应考虑围手术期使用他汀类药物。（证据级别：Level C ；推荐强度：Class IIa）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704957183
[_updatetime] => 1704957183
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于有他汀类药物适应症的患者，应考虑围手术期使用他汀类药物。（证据级别：Level C ；推荐强度：Class IIa）
In patients with an indication for statins, it should be considered to initiate statins peri-operatively.（Evidence: Level C，Recommendation:Class IIa）
证据评价方法：LOE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2022
国家：European Society of Cardiology
Array
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[title] => 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery
[thumb] =>
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[guojia] => European Society of Cardiology
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Pre-operative initiation of beta-blockers in advance of high-risk NCS may be considered in patients who have two or more clinical risk factors, in order to reduce the incidence of
peri-operative myocardial infarction.（Evidence: Level A，Recommendation:Class IIb）
[laiyuan] => 对于有两个或两个以上临床危险因素的患者，可考虑在高危NCS术前开始使用β-受体阻滞剂，以降低围手术期心肌梗死的发生率。（证据级别：Level A；推荐强度：Class IIb）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704957183
[_updatetime] => 1704957183
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于有两个或两个以上临床危险因素的患者，可考虑在高危NCS术前开始使用β-受体阻滞剂，以降低围手术期心肌梗死的发生率。（证据级别：Level A；推荐强度：Class IIb）
Pre-operative initiation of beta-blockers in advance of high-risk NCS may be considered in patients who have two or more clinical risk factors, in order to reduce the incidence of
peri-operative myocardial infarction.（Evidence: Level A，Recommendation:Class IIb）
证据评价方法：LOE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2022
国家：European Society of Cardiology
Array
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[zjfj] =>
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[nianfen] => 2022
[guojia] => European Society of Cardiology
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Pre-operative initiation of beta-blocker in advance of NCS may be considered in patients who have known CAD or myocardial ischaemia.（Evidence: Level B，Recommendation:Class IIb）
[laiyuan] => 对于已知冠心病或心肌缺血的患者，可考虑在NCS术前使用β-受体阻滞剂。（证据级别：Level B ；推荐强度：Class II b）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704957183
[_updatetime] => 1704957183
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
对于已知冠心病或心肌缺血的患者，可考虑在NCS术前使用β-受体阻滞剂。（证据级别：Level B ；推荐强度：Class II b）
Pre-operative initiation of beta-blocker in advance of NCS may be considered in patients who have known CAD or myocardial ischaemia.（Evidence: Level B，Recommendation:Class IIb）
证据评价方法：LOE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2022
国家：European Society of Cardiology
