Avoid opioids and apply multimodal analgesia in combination with spinal/epidural analgesia or TAP blocks when indicated.（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Strong）

A multimodal approach to minimise the development of postoperative ileus include: limit opioid administration through use of multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia techniques, use minimally invasive surgical techniques (when feasible), eliminate routine placement of nasogastric tubes and use goal-directed fluid therapy（Quality of evidence: High ；Recommendation grade: Strong）. Peripherally acting u-opioid receptor antagonists（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Weak）, chewing gum, bisacodyl, magnesium oxide, daikenchuto and coffee （Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Weak）have all some indications of affecting an established ileus.

A multimodal approach to PONV prophylaxis should be considered in all patients and incorporated into ERAS protocols. Patients with 1-2 risk factors should ideally receive a two-drug combination prophylaxis using first-line antiemetics. Patients with ≥ 2 risk factors undergoing colorectal surgery should receive 2-3 antiemetics. If nausea and or vomiting still occur, despite prophylaxis, salvage therapy should be provided using a multimodal approach using different classes of drugs from those used for prophylaxis. （Quality of evidence: Multimodal PONV prophylaxis: High；PONV rescue with different class of antiemetic: High ；Recommendation grade: Strong）

Early mobilisation through patient education and encouragement is an important component of enhanced recovery after surgery programmes; prolonged immobilisation is associated with a variety of adverse effects and patients should therefore be mobilised.（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Strong）

Most patients can and should be offered food and ONS from the day of surgery （Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Strong）. Perioperative immunonutrition in malnourished patients is beneficial in colorectal cancer surgery （Quality of evidence: Low；Recommendation grade: Strong）.

Routine transurethral catheterisation is recommended for1–3 days after colorectal surgery. The duration should be individualised based on known risk factors for retention: male gender, epidural analgesia and pelvic surgery. Patients at low risk should have routine removal of catheter on the first day after surgery, while patients with moderate or high risk require catheterisation for up to 3 days.（Quality of evidence: High ；Recommendation grade: Strong）

Postoperative nasogastric tubes should not be used routinely; if inserted during surgery, they should be removed before reversal of anaesthesia.（Quality of evidence: High ；Recommendation grade: Strong）

Hyperglycaemia is a risk factor for complications and should therefore be avoided. Several interventions in the ERAS protocol prevent insulin resistance, thereby improving glycaemic control with no risk of causing hypoglycaemia. For in patients, insulin should be used judiciously to maintain blood glucose as low as feasible with the available resources. 1：Using stress-reducing elements of ERAS to minimise hyperglycaemia.(Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Strong） 2：Insulin treatment in the ICU（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Insulin treatment in the ICU (severe hyperglycaemia):Strong；Insulin treatment in the ICU (mild hyperglycaemia):Weak） 3：Glycaemic control (using insulin) in the ward setting（Quality of evidence: Low ；Recommendation grade:Weak）

Mechanical bowel preparation alone with systemic antibiotic prophylaxis has no clinical advantage and can cause dehydration and discomfort and should not be used routinely in colonic surgery, but may be used for rectal surgery（Quality of evidence: High ；Recommendation grade: Strong）. There is some evidence from randomized controlled trials to support the use of a combination of MBP and oral antibiotics over MBP alone（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: Weak）.

In low-risk patients, we suggest the use of mechanical prophylaxis using IPC.（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Weak）