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Array ( [id] => 3301 [catid] => 164 [title] => Guidelines 2024: Emergency intubation of an adult outside the operating room and intensive care unit [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3301.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41580229 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE Grid [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2026 [guojia] => French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ( [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => It is probably advisable to use trans-tracheal and pulmonary ultrasound to check the correct positioning of the tracheal intubation tube when confirmation by capnography is not possible, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.（GRADE 2 Strong Agreement） [laiyuan] => 为降低发病率和死亡率，当无法通过二氧化碳波形图进行确认时，可能建议使用经气管和肺部超声来检查气管导管的正确位置。（证据等级：中/低，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => A [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
为降低发病率和死亡率，当无法通过二氧化碳波形图进行确认时，可能建议使用经气管和肺部超声来检查气管导管的正确位置。（证据等级：中/低，推荐强度：弱推荐）

It is probably advisable to use trans-tracheal and pulmonary ultrasound to check the correct positioning of the tracheal intubation tube when confirmation by capnography is not possible, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.（GRADE 2 Strong Agreement）

证据评价方法：GRADE Grid

指南质量等级：A

年份：2026

国家：French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (

来源 Guidelines 2024: Emergency intubation of an adult outside the operating room and intensive care unit
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3302 [catid] => 164 [title] => Guidelines 2024: Emergency intubation of an adult outside the operating room and intensive care unit [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3302.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41580229 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE Grid [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2026 [guojia] => French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ( [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Experts suggest combining a hypnotic and a morphine for the sedation of an intubated patient in an emergency situation, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.（EXPERTS' OPINION Strong Agreement） [laiyuan] => 为降低发病率和死亡率，专家建议在紧急情况下对插管患者进行镇静时，联合使用催眠药和阿片类药物（吗啡类）。（专家意见：高度一致） [znzldj] => A [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
为降低发病率和死亡率，专家建议在紧急情况下对插管患者进行镇静时，联合使用催眠药和阿片类药物（吗啡类）。（专家意见：高度一致）

Experts suggest combining a hypnotic and a morphine for the sedation of an intubated patient in an emergency situation, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.（EXPERTS' OPINION Strong Agreement）

证据评价方法：GRADE Grid

指南质量等级：A

年份：2026

国家：French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (

来源 Guidelines 2024: Emergency intubation of an adult outside the operating room and intensive care unit
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3303 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3303.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Videolaryngoscopy is beneficial whenever intubation difficulty is anticipated or encountered.（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2a） [laiyuan] => 当预计或遇到插管困难时，视频喉镜检查是有益的。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：中推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
当预计或遇到插管困难时，视频喉镜检查是有益的。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：中推荐）

Videolaryngoscopy is beneficial whenever intubation difficulty is anticipated or encountered.（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2a）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3304 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3304.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Videolaryngoscopy may be considered as a primary technique for intubation compared to direct laryngoscopy in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，与直接喉镜检查相比，可考虑将视频喉镜检查作为首选插管技术。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，与直接喉镜检查相比，可考虑将视频喉镜检查作为首选插管技术。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：弱推荐）

Videolaryngoscopy may be considered as a primary technique for intubation compared to direct laryngoscopy in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3305 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3305.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Supraglottic airway is not recommended for use as a planned primary airway device for elective caesarean delivery（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 3 Benefit = Risk） [laiyuan] => 不建议将声门上气道装置作为择期剖宫产术的计划性首选气道设备。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：无益 益处=风险） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
不建议将声门上气道装置作为择期剖宫产术的计划性首选气道设备。（证据等级：随机对照研究，推荐强度：无益 益处=风险）

Supraglottic airway is not recommended for use as a planned primary airway device for elective caesarean delivery（Quality of Evidence：B-R，Strength of Recommendation：Class 3 Benefit = Risk）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3306 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3306.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Application of cricoid force may be considered during general anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 在剖宫产全身麻醉期间，可考虑应用环状软骨压迫。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在剖宫产全身麻醉期间，可考虑应用环状软骨压迫。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐）

Application of cricoid force may be considered during general anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3307 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3307.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => High‑flow nasal oxygen for preoxygenation followed by apnoeic oxygenation may be considered to reduce peri-induction desaturation in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，可考虑采用高流量鼻导管氧进行预充氧，随后进行无通气氧合（窒息氧合），以减少诱导期间的血氧饱和度下降。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，可考虑采用高流量鼻导管氧进行预充氧，随后进行无通气氧合（窒息氧合），以减少诱导期间的血氧饱和度下降。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐）

High‑flow nasal oxygen for preoxygenation followed by apnoeic oxygenation may be considered to reduce peri-induction desaturation in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3308 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3308.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Either high‑flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or low‑flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) may be considered for apnoeic oxygenation during the apnoeic period in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：C-EO，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，在无通气期间（窒息期），可考虑使用高流量鼻导管氧（HFNO）或低流量鼻导管氧（LFNO）进行无通气氧合。（证据等级：专家意见，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇，在无通气期间（窒息期），可考虑使用高流量鼻导管氧（HFNO）或低流量鼻导管氧（LFNO）进行无通气氧合。（证据等级：专家意见，推荐强度：弱推荐）

Either high‑flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or low‑flow nasal oxygen (LFNO) may be considered for apnoeic oxygenation during the apnoeic period in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：C-EO，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3309 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3309.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => An antral volume exceeding 1.5 mL/kg, assessed using gastric ultrasound in the right lateral decubitus position, may indicate a higher aspiration risk in full-term parturients undergoing caesarean delivery with general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 对于接受全身麻醉剖宫产术的足月产妇，若在右侧卧位通过胃超声评估发现胃窦容积超过 1.5 mL/kg，可能提示误吸风险较高。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于接受全身麻醉剖宫产术的足月产妇，若在右侧卧位通过胃超声评估发现胃窦容积超过 1.5 mL/kg，可能提示误吸风险较高。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐）

An antral volume exceeding 1.5 mL/kg, assessed using gastric ultrasound in the right lateral decubitus position, may indicate a higher aspiration risk in full-term parturients undergoing caesarean delivery with general anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读
Array ( [id] => 3310 [catid] => 134 [title] => All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => /show/3310.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 106.86.177.165 [inputtime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [updatetime] => 2026-04-14 11:43:18 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://www.ipubmed.cn/Archive/Detail/41293137 [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => AHA [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2025 [guojia] => All India Difficult Airway Association [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => For elective caesarean delivery, parturients may consume clear fluids up to 2 hours and a light meal up to 6 hours before anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b） [laiyuan] => 对于择期剖宫产术，产妇可在麻醉前2小时内饮用清液体，并在麻醉前6小时内进食清淡饮食。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1776138198 [_updatetime] => 1776138198 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于择期剖宫产术，产妇可在麻醉前2小时内饮用清液体，并在麻醉前6小时内进食清淡饮食。（证据等级：非随机研究，推荐强度：弱推荐）

For elective caesarean delivery, parturients may consume clear fluids up to 2 hours and a light meal up to 6 hours before anaesthesia.（Quality of Evidence：B-NR，Strength of Recommendation：Class 2b）

证据评价方法：AHA

指南质量等级：B

年份：2025

国家：All India Difficult Airway Association

来源 All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics under general anaesthesia
原文链接
阅读

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